Over the Rainbow（飞越彩虹）本是《绿野仙踪》（The Wizard of Oz）的插曲。

强生相信，

在我们的身边，存在着一些巨人，

他们以巨大的爱和细小的事，

让心灵获得慰藉，

让创伤得到安抚，

让人们得到关爱。



强生，以医疗卫生和个人护理的经验和智慧，

与这些巨人并肩，

用爱，推动人与人的关爱。



因爱而生，强生。

Part I Writing

　　参考范文：

　　The approach of the Chinese Lunar New Year poses a national issue concerning the necessity of holding the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Its established status is being challenged by a growing number of people, especially by younger generations. It is increasingly difficult to cater for all tastes.

　　Some individuals deem that it should be canceled or replaced by other programs. These young people focus their attention on other forms of celebration instead of immersing themselves in TV. Despite that, the majority of mid-aged people and senior citizens uphold the importance of the traditional performance. The most striking feature of this gala is its traditionally close link with ordinary people's lives. Most of people view this gala as an annual staple on the traditional Chinese Spring Festival Eve. They all have a restless night and glue their eyes on the television.

I am not supportive of the view that the grand gala should be abandoned. Undoubtedly, it plays a vital role in the celebration of Chinese New Year. To increase its appeal and meet young adults' need, the upcoming performance should invite some big names including super stars from Hongkong and Taiwan. We are all eagerly anticipating this unforgettable evening show.

Part II Reading Comprehen ( Skimming and Scanning ) 15 minutes
1 N 2 N 3 Y 4 N 5 Y 6 Y 7 NG 8 move forward  9 looking back  10 the more you get back
Part III Listening Comprehension (35%)
Section A
11. B Give her more information 

12. C She'll go without dessert
13. A The man can speak a foreign language 

14. C See Prof. Smith
15. D She can pass on the message for the man

16. B He's got emotional problems
17. D It's better to buy the tickets beforehand

18. A He turned suddenly and ran into a tree
19.D to attend a wedding in Montreal 

20.C Brush up on her French
21.B It has many historical buildings

22.A It was about a little animal
23.D She can make a living by doing what she likes

24.B Her ideas
25.A She doesn't really know where they originated
Section B
26. C Record students' weekly performance  

27. B Lack of attention
28. D They should see to it that their children have adequate sleep
29. C She became a public figure  

30. D A motorist's failure to concentrate
31. A Nervous and unsure of herself 

32. B Restrictions on cell phone use while driving
33. B There are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify
34. D They show our body is fighting the virus 

35. A It actually does more harm than good
Section C
36. natural        37. usage      38. exception       39. particular 

40. reference      41. essays      42. colleagues      43. personal 

44. What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite
45. but to a stranger, I probably would say "would you mind closing the door?" 

46. There are bound to be some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth ) (35%)  

Section A
47. O) primarily   48. K) voluntary  49. G) situation  50. J) gap    51. C)generate

52. N) purchase   53. M) insulted   54. I) potential   55. H) really  56. D) extreme
Section B
57.C) It is a kind of bottled water

58.B) bottled water is clearly superior to tap water
59. D) expensive bottled water with impressive names

60. A) Bottled water brings in huge profits
61. B) It is considered healthier

62. C) removing people’s bad living habits
63. A) good health is more than not being ill 

64 D) is free from any kind of disease
65.B) to strive to maintain the best possible health
66.C) People who try to be as healthy as possible , regardless of their limitations
Part V Cloze (10%)
67. A) apart    68. B) but     69. D) communicate  70. A) to        71. C) even

72. D) lies     73. B) strung   74.A) rules         75.C) defines    76.B) whether

77.C) process  78.A) aspects   79. B) another      80.D) spoken     81. D) building

82. D) figure   83. A) identify  84. B) organization  85. D) interpret   86. C) once
Part VI Translation (5%)
87. adapt to the life in different cultures.

88. nothing is more attractive / interesting / appealing to me than reading.

89. might / would / could have survived / been alive …

90. may feel lonely when they are away from home.

Section A

11－15　A　A　C　D　C　 16－20　A　B　B　B　C
21－25　D　D　C　B　D　

Section B

26－30　D　A　B　A　C　　31－35　B　C　D　B　A　

Section C

(36) future   (37) trained   (38) admire   (39) schedule (40) considerate

(41) waste   (42) visible    (43) necessarily

(44) something that is simply there around them, not something they can use

(45) the fast food industry can be seen as a clear example of American cultural product

(46) spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture

听力原文：

Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. M: What would be like working with those young stars?

W: It was a great group, I always got mad when people said that we didn’t get along, just because we were girls, there was never a fight. We had a great time.

Q: What does the woman mean?

12. M: Are you telling me you don’t have a house-keeper?

   W: No, we don’t. If you make a mess, you clean it up yourself.

Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

13. W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house.

M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too bad.

Q: What does the man imply?

14. M: You look like you are freezing to death. Why don’t you put this on?

W: Thank you, it was so warm at noon. I didn’t expect the weather to change so quickly.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

15. M: I’ll have the steak, French Fries, and let’s see, chocolate ice-cream for dissert.

W: Oh, Oh, you know these things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?

Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

16. M: What was it like growing up in New York’s Bronx District? Was it safe?

W: To me, it was. It was all I knew. My mom would send me to the shop and I’d go and buy things when I was about 8 years old.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

17. M: Nice weather, isn’t it? Oh, I’ve seen you around the office, but I don’t think we’ve met, I am Henry Smith, I work in the Market Research Section.

W: Nice to meet you, Henry. I am Helen Grant, I am in the Advertising Section on the ninth floor.

Q: What can we infer from the conversation?

18. M: Mam, I hear you have an apartment for rent, can I take a look at it? 

W: Sure, you’re welcome any time by appointment, but I have to tell you the building is close to a railway with the noise. You might as well save the trip.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

Conversation 1

W: Please have a seat, Mr. Thunders. I recieved your job resume last week, and was very impressed.

M: Thank you!

W: We are a small financial company trading mostly stocks and bonds. May I ask why you are interested in working for us?

M: Your company has an impressive reputation and I always want to work for a smaller company.

W: That’s good to hear. Would you mind telling me a little bit about your present job?

M: I’m currently working in a large international company in charge of team of 8 brokers, we buy and sell stocks for major clients worldwide.

W: Why do you think you are the right candidate for this position?

M: As a head broker, I have a lot of experience in the stock market, I deal with the clients on the daily bases, and I enjoy working with people.

W: Well, you might just be the person we’ve been looking for. Do you have any questions?

M: Uh-hum, if I were hired, how many accounts would I be handling?

W: You will be working with two other head brokers, in another words, you will be handling about a third of our clients.

M: And who would I report to?

W: Directly to me.

M: I see. What kind of benefits package do you offer?

W: Two weeks of paid vacation in your first year employment, you are also been entitled to medical and dental insurance, but this is something you should discuss with our Personnel Department. Do you have any other questions?

M: No, not at the moment.

W: Well, I have to discuss your application with my colleagues and we’ll get back to you early next week.

M: OK, thanks, it’s been nice meeting you!

W: Nice meeting you too! And thanks for coming in today.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. What’s the purpose of Mr. Thunder’s visit?

20. What is Mr. Thunder’s current job?

21. What can we conclude from the conversation?

Conversation 2:

M: Hey, Carren, you are not really reading it, are you?

W: Pardon?

M: The book! You haven’t turned the page in the last ten minutes.

W: No, Jim, I suppose I haven’t. I need to get through although, but I keep drifting away.

M: So it doesn’t really hold your interest?

W: No, not really. I wouldn’t bother with it, to be honest, but I have to read it for a seminar. I’m at a university.

M: It’s a labor of labor then rather than a labor of love.

W: I should say, I don’t like Dickens at all really, the author, indeed, I am starting to like the whole course less and less.

M: It’s not just the book, it’s the course as well?

W: Yeah, in a way, although the course itself isn’t really that bad, a lot of it is pretty good, in fact, and the lecturers are fine. It’s me, I suppose. You see, I want to do philosophy rather than English, but my parents took me out of it.

M: So the courses are OK as such. It’s just that hadn’t been left to you. You would choose a different one.

W: Oh, they had my best interest, it’s hard, of course, my parents. They always do, don’t they? They believe that my job prospect would be pretty limited with the degree of philosophy. Perhaps they give me really a generous allowance, but I am beginning to feel that I’m wasting my time and their money. They would be so disappointed though if I told them I was quitting.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. Why can’t Carren concentrate on the book?

23. Why is Carren starting to like the course less and less?

24. Who think Philosophy graduates have limited job opportunities?

25. What is Carren thinking of doing?

Section B

Passage One

In Greece, only rich people will rest in peace for ever when they die. Most of the population, however, will be undisturbed for only three years, then they will be dug up, washed, compressed into a small tin box, and placed in a bone room. If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long, the body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed. Buying a piece of land for a grave is the only way to avoid this process. The cost of the grave is so great that most people choose to rent a grave for three years and even after being dug up, lasting peace is still not guaranteed. If no one pays for renting space in the bone room, the skeleton is removed and stored in a building in a poor part of the town. Lack of space in Amphons is the main reason why the dead are dug up after three years. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a week until a grave is found. Amphons city council wants to introduce cremation that is burning the dead bodies as a means of dealing with the problem. But the Greek Church resists this practice, they believe the only place where people burn is a hell, so burning dead bodies is against the Greek concept of life after death. To save space, the church suggested burying the bodies standing up instead of lying down. Some people proposed building multi-storey underground grave yards.

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. What must Greeks do to keep the dead resting in ever-lasting peace?

27. Why are most dead bodies in Amphons dug up after three years?

28. What suggestions does the church give about the burying of the dead bodies?

29. What practice does the Greek church object to?

Passage Two

If you visit a big city anywhere in the world, you will probably find a restaurant would serve the food of your own native country. Most large cities in the United States offer international sample of foods. Many people enjoy eating the food of other nations. This is probably one reason why there are so many different kinds of restaurants in the United States. A second reason is that many Americans come from other parts of the world. They enjoy tasting the foods of their native lands. In the city of Detroit, for example, there are many people from western Europe, Greece, Latin America, and the Far East. There are many restaurants in Detroit which serve the foods of these areas. There are many other international restaurants too. Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life. One of the most common international restaurants to be found in the United States is the Italian restaurant. The restaurant may be a small business run by a single family. The mother of the family cooks all of the dishes, and the father and children serve the people who come to eat there. Or it may be a large restaurant owned by several different people who worked together in the business. Many Italian dishes that Americans enjoy are made with meats, tomatoes and cheese. They are very delicious and tasty.

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. Why are there so many international restaurants in the United States?

31. Why do Americans like to go to international restaurants apart from enjoying the foods there?

32. How is it typical Italian family restaurant run in the United States?

Passage Three

One winter day in 1891, a class of training school in Massachusetts, U. S. A, went into the gym for their daily exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of young men felt they were in for a boring time. But their teacher, Janes Nasmith had other ideas. He had been working for a long time on the new game that would have the excitement of American football. Nasmith showed the men a basket he had hung at the each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to use a round European football, at first everybody tried to throw the ball into the basket no matter where he was standing. “Pass! Pass!” Nasmith kept shouting, blowing his whistle to stop the excited players. Slowly, they began to understand what was wanted of them. The problem with the new game, which was soon called “basketball”, was getting the ball out of the basket. They used ordinary food baskets with bottoms, and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to climb up every time a basket was scored. It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through. There have been many changes in the rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world’s most popular sports.

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. What did Nasmith do to entertain his students one winter day?

34. According to the speaker, what was the problem with the new game?

35. How was the problem with the new game solved?

Section C

For Americans, time is money. They say, “You only get so much time in this life; you’d better use it wisely.” The (36) future will not be better than the past or present, as Americans are (37) trained to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activities. Thus, Americans (38) admire a “well-organized” person, one who has a written list of things to do and a (39) schedule for doing them. The ideal person is punctual and is (40) considerate of other people’s time. They do not (41) waste people’s time with conversation or other activity that has no (42) visible beneficial outcome.

The American attitude toward time is not (43) necessarily shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely to regard time as (44) something that is simply there around them, not something they can use. One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.

In this context, (45) the fast food industry can be seen as a clear example of American cultural product. Mc Donald’s, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in a country where many people want to spend the least amount of time preparing and eating meals. As McDonald’s restaurants (46) spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.

祝福语 Blessings

金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home
生意兴隆 Business flourishes
岁岁平安 Peace all year round
恭喜发财 Wishing you prosperity
和气生财 Harmony brings wealth
心想事成 May all your wishes come true
吉祥如意 Everything goes well
国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace
招财进宝 Money and treasures will be plentiful
一帆风顺 Wishing you every success
步步高升 Promoting to a higher position
出入平安 Safe trip wherever you go
祝您新的一年快乐幸福！Wish you happiness and prosperity in the coming year!
祝您事业成功，家庭美满 Wish you success in your career and happiness of your family!

食品 Food

年糕 Nian-gao; rice cake; New Year cake
团圆饭 family reunion dinner
年夜饭 the dinner on New Year's Eve
饺子 Jiao-zi; Chinese meat ravioli
汤圆 Tang-yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings
糖果盘 candy tray
什锦糖 assorted candies - sweet and fortune
蜜冬瓜 candied winter melon - growth and good health
金桔 cumquat - prosperity
糖莲子 candied lotus seed - many descendents to come
糖藕 candied lotus root - fulfilling love relationship
红枣 red dates - prosperity
花生糖 peanut candy - sweet

Janice: Why are you shopping here? You don't live in this neighborhood. Were you here waiting for me?

Chandler: Yeah, huh. I'm just uh, you know I'm just picking up some things for a party. (grabs a bag off of the shelf)

Janice: Barley? What kind of party serves barley?

Chandler: Well, I'm sorry if my friends aren't as sophisticated as yours.

Janice: Where is this party?

Chandler: Here in Chelsea.

Janice: Who's party is it?

Chandler: A woman's

Janice: What woman?!

Chandler: (shyly) Chelsea.

Janice: Okay, you know, one of two things is happening here. Either you're seeing somebody behind my back, which would make you the biggest jerk on the planet. Or, else you're pretending that you're seeing somebody, which just makes you so pathetic that I could start crying right here in the cereal aisle. So like which of these two guys do you want to be? (Another guy walks by.)

Chandler: Can I be that guy?

[Scene: Central Perk, Joey and Phoebe are there]

Phoebe: Okay, so we got some more good rejections, lots of stuff to work on.

Joey: Okay, shoot.

Phoebe: Okay, um, oh, the zoo commercial.

Joey: I didn't get it?

Phoebe: No. They said you "Weren't believable as a human being." So, you can work on that.

Joey: Okay, what else?

Phoebe: Um, the off-Broadway play people said "You were pretty but dumb."

Joey: Oh.

Phoebe: Oh no wait, I'm sorry, that's "pretty dumb."

Joey: Look, it's okay, no, no, no, really, look um, I really appreciate this Pheebs, but I think I'm gonna have to go back to Estelle.

Phoebe: Oh.

妙词佳句，活学活用

1. pick up：当我们用英文说"买东西"时，浮现在我们脑海里的有哪些词呢？可能大家不会想到用pick up这个短语。想到最多的无非是buy或者purchase，从用法上讲当然都对，但是我们应该在什么场合选择什么样的话，这里面就大有学问了。Chandler这里明明在等Janice，却要尽量装作轻描淡写的说这句话，pick up给人的感觉是我顺路买点东西，可不是为了见你哦！用buy计划性显得强了些，purchase就更正式了，在商务活动或者购买大宗商品时用得比较多。比如买车，对大多数中国人来说都不是能够随时pick up的，所以我们通常说purchase a car。

中国同学学习英语有一个误区，就是对任何一个单词的理解都是非口语化的，一个单词就对应一个意思。通过对电影的语汇的学习和积累能够有效克服这一点。以pick up为例，"我感冒了"完全可以说"I pick up a cold."；"我在新东方学英语"，"I pick up English in New Oriental School."；"沾染坏习惯"，"pick up a lot of bad habits,"；"去机场接人"，"pick somebody up at the airport."；"我需要振奋起来"，"I need a little pick-me-up."；"我的车的加速度很棒"，"My car has good pick-up."；甚至"泡妞"也可以用"pick up a girl"。

2. barley：燕麦

3. sophisticated：这里不要翻译成"世故的"，因为中文说一个人世故常常带有贬义。如果形容一个人sophisticated，英文的意思应该是"someone having a lot of knowledge/experience of life, and good judgment about socially important things such as culture, art, fashion etc."

4. you're seeing somebody： 约会某人。类似的date someone，go out with somebody等等都表示约会。说谁谁两个人是一对儿，用俚语的讲法也可以是"They are something of an item. "。在很多美国人看来，结婚以前同时date几个人似乎没有什么不可以，这可能也是美国人所追求的individual freedom对他们爱情观的影响。

5. jerk：someone who is stupid or who does things that annoy or hurt other people生活总不可能全是顺心事儿，负面的东西也会碰到，美国人的性格总的来说straightforward，但他们的直率多建立在委婉的基础上，很少用真正恶毒的词来形容一个人。

6. shoot：这里不是用来代替"shit"，而是让对方"说吧"，相当于"go ahead"，也有人偏爱用"fire away"。

美国文化面面观

Central Perk与Central Park

老友记中这个"臭名昭著"的咖啡馆central perk很有意思，跟中央公园比起来就差一个字母。为什么起perk这个名字呢？除了影射central park以外，本身perk有振奋、兴奋之义（咖啡提神嘛）。同时perk也是percolate的简写，渗滤壶煮咖啡。大家是不是觉得这个名字起的一举多得呢？

  Central Park in New York City was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux in the 1850s. It was so popular that it inspired a series of similar metropolitan parks all over the United States.

  These skyscrapers border Central Park, in midtown Manhattan, New York City. The park provides one of the few remaining green spaces in the city's dense urban landscape. It is a popular location for outdoor concerts and athletic events, including competitive foot races and recreational softball.

Broadway, Off Broadway

  百老汇音乐剧（Broadway）是现代戏剧的一种，有演出，有跳舞，也有歌唱。有时单纯只有演出，有时则相当复杂。它主要在美国、加拿大和英国流行。

  百老汇的英文原意为"宽阔的街"，在地理位置上是指纽约市里以巴特里公园为起点、由南向北纵贯曼哈顿岛、全长25公里的一条长街。这条街两旁分布着几十家剧院，在这些剧院中上映著全世界最受欢迎的音乐剧。因此"百老汇"渐渐的变成了一种音乐剧的名字。

  百老汇音乐剧目前分为三种，分别是百老汇音乐剧Broadway、外百老汇音乐剧Off Broadway和外外百老汇音乐剧Off Off Broadway。三种戏剧主要依某出剧的好评和票价来分类。所以外外百老汇音乐剧有相当多实验戏剧的形式，也最便宜。如果票房很好，就会被移到外百老汇加强宣传，等到演出评价累积到了一定时间和一定的水准，就会正式变成百老汇音乐剧。

  在地理上来说，在纽约百老汇大街44街至53街的剧院称为内百老汇(也就是百老汇)，而百老汇大街41街和56街上的剧院则称为外百老汇。

考考你

用今日所学将下列汉语译成英语：

1. 每天早晨会有人固定来这里清理垃圾袋。
2. 你难道还在和Sarah约会吗？
3. —— 有几个问题我不明白。
   —— 问吧。

Joey: Wheel!

Chandler: Of!

Joey: Fortune! This guy is so stupid. It's Count Rushmore!!

Chandler: You know, you should really go on this show. All right, listen, I got three tickets to the Rangers tonight. Whaddaya say?

Joey: I say, "I'm there!" Cool! Aw, is Ross going too?

Chandler: No, Janice.

Joey: Jan-ice. 'Cause I, just, I feel bad for Ross, you know, we…we always go together, we're like the three hocke-teers.

Chandler: You know, I may be way out on a limb here, but do you, do you, have a problem with Janice?

Joey: No, Yeeees. God, how do I say this? Oh, hi, you know that girl from the Greek restaurant with the hair?

Chandler: Ooh, that girl that I hate, eww, drives me crazy, eww, eww, oh!

Joey: Look, I don't hate Janice, she's... she's just a lot to take, you know.

Chandler: Well, there you go.

Joey: Oh, hey. Come on man, don't look at me like that, she used to drive you nuts before too, remember?

Chandler: Well, I'm crazy about her now. I think this could be the real thing. Capital "R"! Capital "T"! Don't worry. Those are the right letters.

Joey: Look, what do you want me to say?

Chandler: I want you to say that you like her!

Joey: I can't. It's like this chemical thing, you know. Every time she starts laughing, I just wanna pull my arm off just so that I can have something to throw at her.

Chandler: Thanks for trying. Oh, and by the way there is no Count Rushmore!

Joey: Yeah, then... then who's the guy that painted the faces on the mountain?

(Chandler gives him a look like "You stupid idiot!")

妙词佳句，活学活用

1. Whaddaya say：实际上是“What do you say?”，意思是问别人“这事你意下如何？”这里的ya是you的缩读，ya也可以是are you的缩读。比如ya going to the party? 在不太正式的场合或者刻意要营造一种“土得掉渣”的气氛时，我们经常可以听到诸如betcha(bet you), gotcha(got you)以及see ya等等片语。当别人说一个什么事儿我们表示不屑或不信任时，也可以反问“Says who?”。

2. out on a limb：limb原意是小树枝，悬在小树枝的边上是一种什么感觉？其实就是alone and without help or support，类似汉语里说孤立无援。Chandler这里用be out on a limb是指“说这话要冒点风险”，换句话说就是“可能Joey会不爱听”。类似的，go out on a limb 可以表示冒险做某件事情。比如他甘愿冒风险帮助我们就可以说“He'd gone out on a limb (=taken a risk) to help us.”。

3. drive somebody crazy：make someone feel very annoyed，都快把我给逼疯了！我们也可以用drive somebody nuts/mad/insane。比如说“咳嗽把我弄得快受不了”，就可以说“This cough is driving me mad!”

4. take：Joey觉得Janice这种人让他难以忍受，他表达这层意思的时候并没有用endure或tolerate，而是用了一个很多中国同学在这种场合不大用的词，其实这里拿一个短语put up with替换take也是相当贴切的。

5. There you go：也是出现频率极高的词组，很多情况下相当于That's it。

6. come on：这里注意听Joey说come on时的语气，同样的话不同的语音语调可以表达完全不同的意思。为了让我们讲的英语不显得干涩，我们一定要注意把握讲话时的语调、重读和节奏。这一点要通过对电影语言的跟读和模仿练习来达到。此时的come on一定不是你在运动会上喊加油时的语气，而是类似咱们汉语里说“拜托”、“别介”的感觉。

美国文化面面观

Mount Rushmore

    Joey和Chandler在看Wheel of Fortune 这个电视节目时，Joey作为一个美国人竟然不知道Mount Rushmore National Memorial，难怪被Chandler看作是"stupid idiot"，还讽刺他真该上电视。

   Mount Rushmore National Memorial was authorized in 1925. Located in the Black Hills of SW. South Dakota the memorial features the heads of United States presidents George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt carved into a granite bluff. The massive sculpture was carved into the rim of Mount Rushmore 150 m (500 ft) above the valley floor and each face is 20 m (60 ft) tall. The memorial cost nearly $1 million to create. The idea for the sculpture came from South Dakota historian Doane Robinson in the early 1920s. American sculptor Gutzon Borglum designed the memorial and supervised its construction. Borglum envisioned a monument to the growth of the United States and its most important leaders and chose Mount Rushmore as the site. Borglum's original design was a sculpture of the four presidents down to their waists. Construction of the memorial began in 1927. The head of Washington was completed first, followed by Jefferson and Lincoln. Roosevelt's head was unfinished when Borglum died in 1941 and his son Lincoln completed the work later that year.

考考你

用你今日所学将下面的汉语译成英语：

1. 其它欧洲国家都签署了条约，只剩下英国孤立无援。
2. 晚上和我们一起去看球赛吧，你去吗？
3. 下周要交的论文快把我给逼疯了。

     十年《老友记》，老友慢慢记。从1994年到2004年，演员和观众一同成长，看着银幕上的形象慢慢老去，猛然间才意识到原来生活早在不经意间继续，我们也变得越来越成熟。
老友们之间不光有斗嘴，有笑料，也有冲突与争执。这是一部关于爱和浪漫关系的剧集，更是一部关于友谊的剧集。没有人真正喜欢孤独，当年轻的我们单身一人在大都市里为生存而忙碌的时候，朋友就是我们的亲人。

    《肖申克的救赎》里有一句话：Busy for living, or busy for dying. 我们到底属于哪一类？当我们已经习惯了人与人之间的冷漠或者干脆是不信任；当我们习惯了为了某种利益驱使或斤斤计较而设计出的虚假的人际关系；当我们习惯了递上一百元大钞，对方对着阳光照啊照，然后找回伍十元，我们也是对着阳光照啊照的日子时，我们要不要问问自己，生活的真谛是什么？

      Friends告诉我们，原来我们不必责备自己过的太快乐，生活在生活的表面并不是肤浅，这部剧所表现出的生活态度，也许正是我们所要寻找的那种积极的，乐观的，保持单纯但不幼稚的气息。也正是这种独特的气质吸引着老友记迷们。

January( 一月 ): 起源于拉丁文 Januarius 。古罗马人这样称呼一月是为了纪念他们的守护神雅努斯 (Janus) 。这位神有两副面孔，前面一副注视未来，而脑后一副面孔是回顾过去的。

　　 February( 二月 ): 来源于拉丁文的 Februarius ，意为 “ 净化 ” ，它是古罗马的节日 —— 菲勃卢姆节 (februm) 。

　　 March( 三月 ): 来源于拉丁文中的 Mmarins ，是古罗马人所崇敬的战神马尔斯 (Mars) 的名字。

　　 April( 四月 ): 来源于拉丁文中的 Aprilis ，意为 “ 大地回春，万象更新 ” 。

　　 May( 五月 ): 古罗马神话中的一位掌管春天和生命的女神叫玛雅 (Maia) 。古罗马人把五月称为 Mains 来纪念这位女神， May 由此演变而来。

　　 June( 六月 ): 来源于古罗马神话中的女神裘诺 (Juno), 她是宙斯的妻子，主司婚姻、生育等，罗马人为了纪念她，就把六月称为裘诺之月 (Junius) 。

　　 July( 七月 ): 来源于古罗马统治者儒略 . 凯撒大帝 (Julius Gaesar), 他在修改日历时，毫不客气地将这个月用自己的名字命名。
　　 August( 八月 ): 来源于拉丁文中的 Augustus 。凯撒死后，他外甥的儿子屋大维继任统治罗马，国为屋大维出生在八月，所以就用自己的称号 —— 奥古斯都 (Augustus) 来命名八月。

　　 September( 九月 ): 来源于拉丁文中的 Septem ，原意是 “ 七 ” ，古罗马历法原是一年十个月，后来又加了两个月，变为十二个月，这两个月放在年初，以后的月份顺序推后，这样七月就变成九月了。

　　 October( 十月 ): 来源于拉丁文中的 Octo, 原意为 “ 八 ” ，古罗马历法改为十二月后，七月变为九月，八月也就变为十月了。

　　 November( 十一月 ): 来源于拉丁文中的 Novem ，原意为 “ 九 ” 。

　　 December( 十二月 ): 来源于拉丁文中的 Decem ，原意为 “ 十 ”。
                                                月份名称

拉丁文 janua 是门。古罗马神话里， Janus 是负责掌管天门的神：他打开天门，让白昼降临大地；晚上又把天门关上。后来， Janus 又成为管辖一切大小门户的神。通向新一年的门户，也是由他把守的。他有两副脸孔，可以同时回顾去年、展望来年。所以罗马人用每年的第一个月来纪念 Janus ，把这个月叫作 January 。一般的守门人叫 janitor ，也是从 Janus 这名字来的。

拉丁文 februa ，是洗净的意思。在古罗马，每年二月中旬是举行 “ 洁净节 ” 的日子。人们向丰产女神 Juno 献祭后，从献祭的牲口身上割下皮革，造成鞭子，用来鞭打不育的妇女。这些鞭子就叫 februa ，因为它们是 “ 洁净的工具 ” ，能够驱除不育妇女身上的污秽，使她们能够生育。所以这个月便叫作 February ，用来纪念绰号 Februaria 的女神 Juno 。

在凯撒大帝以前，罗马历法里每年的第一个月是 March 。在战时，这个月也是重新组织战役的时机，困为冬去春来，气候回暖。所以这个月的名称，是用来纪念战神 Mars 的。

拉丁文 aperire 即张开、开放（英文 aperture 是孔，张开的地方）。四月份是大百花盛开的时节，所以叫作 April 。

五月是万物生长的好时节，主管生长的是大地女神 Maia ，纪念她的庆节在五月举行。所以五月叫作 May 。另一个传说称五月是纪念众神中地们最高的 Jupiter 的。 Jupiter 比其他天神都要大，所以叫 deus maius ：拉丁文 maior 是较大、较重要的意思，英文的 major （重大的）和 majesty （王权），都是来自 maior 。

六月为什么叫作 June ，有几个不同的说法。一说它来自著名的拉丁姓氏 Junius 。剌杀凯撒大帝的人便是姓 Junius 的。另一说法认为 June 是纪念服兵役的青年 juniores 的。还有一说， June 是纪念 Juno ，因为这们女神是保护妇女和婚姻的，而六月自古以来便是结婚的一旺季。

凯撒大帝 Julius Caesar 生于七月。他在公元前年月被剌死。他的爱将 Mark Antony 提议把原来叫作 Quintilis 的七月 (quint 是五；七月是罗马历法里的第五个月），改名为 Julius ，以纪念凯撒。这名称在英文里起初作 Julie ，后来变为 July 。

August 是第一个罗马皇帝 Augustus Caesar 的月份。 Augustus 是 Julius Caesar 的侄儿，他选了八月份用自己的名字命名，因为这是他的幸运月。他不甘心自己的月份比叔父的月份少一天，所以二月（罗马历法里的最后一个月）偷来一天，使八月也是三十一日，而二月只剩下二十八日。

九月叫 September ，因为这是罗马历法的第七个月，而拉丁文 septem 就是七。同样，从样丁文的 octo （八）， novem （九）， decem （十）得到 October ， November ， December 三个月的名称。在 Augustus 后，没有其他罗马君王用自己的名字做月份的名称了。

    这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。月亮渐渐地升高了，墙外马路上孩子们的欢笑，已经听不见了；妻在屋里拍着闰儿，迷迷糊糊地哼着眠歌。我悄悄地披了大衫，带上门出去。

    A cinder - path winds along by the side of the pool. It is off the beaten track and few pass this way even by day, so at night it is still more quiet. Trees grow thick and bosky all around the pool, with willows and other trees I cannot name by the path. On nights when there is no moon the track is almost terrifyingly dark, but tonight it was quite clear, though the moonlight was pale.

    沿着荷塘，是一条曲折的小煤屑路。这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少人走，夜晚更加寂寞。荷塘四面，长着许多树，蓊蓊郁郁的。路的一旁，是些杨柳，和一些不知道名字的树。没有月光的晚上，这路上阴森森的，有些怕人。今晚却很好，虽然月光也还是淡淡的。

    Strolling alone down the path, hands behind my back, I felt as if the whole earth and sky were mine and I had stepped outside my usual self into another world. I like both excitement and stillness, under the full moon, I could think of whatever I pleased or of nothing at all, and that gave me a sense of freedom. All daytime duties could be disregarded. That was the advantage of solitude: I could savour to the full that expanse of fragrant lotus and the moonlight.

    路上只我一个人，背着手踱着。这一片天地好像是我的；我也像超出了平常的自己，到了另一世界里。我爱热闹，也爱冷静；爱群居，也爱独处。像今晚上，一个人在这苍茫的月下，什么都可以想，什么都可以不想，便觉是个自由的人。白天里一定要做的事，一定要说的话，现在都可不理。这是独处的妙处，我且受用这无边的荷香月色好了。

    As far as eye could see, the pool with its winding margin was covered with trim leaves, which rose high out of the water like the flared skirts of dancing girls. And starring these tiers of leaves were white lotus flowers, alluringly open or bashfully in bud, like glimmering pearls, stars in an azure sky, or beauties fresh from the bath. The breeze carried past gusts of fragrance, like the strains of a song faintly heard from a far-off tower. And leaves and blossoms trembled slightly, while in a flash the scent was carried away. As the closely serried leaves bent, a tide of opaque emerald could be glimpsed. That was the softly running water beneath, hidden from sight, its colour invisible, though the leaves looked more graceful than ever.

    曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。叶子出水很高，像亭亭的舞女的裙。层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人。微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的。这时候叶子与花也有一丝的颤动，像闪电般，霎时传过荷塘的那边去了。叶子本是肩并肩密密地挨着，这便宛然有了一道凝碧的波痕。叶子底下是脉脉的流水，遮住了，不能见一些颜色；而叶子却更见风致了。

    Moonlight cascaded like water over the lotus leaves and flowers, and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk or caught in a gauzy dream. Though the moon was full, a film of pale clouds in the sky would not allow its rays to shine through brightly; but I felt this was all to the good - though refreshing sleep is indispensable, short naps have a charm all their own. As the moon shone from behind them, the dense trees on the hills threw checkered shadows, dark forms loomed like devils, and the sparse, graceful shadows of willows seemed painted on the lotus leaves. The moonlight on the pool was not uniform, but light and shadow made up a harmonious rhythm like a beautiful tune played on a violin.

    月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里。叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。虽然是满月，天上却有一层淡淡的云，所以不能朗照；但我以为这恰是到了好处——酣眠固不可少，小睡也别有风味的。月光是隔了树照过来的，高处丛生的灌木，落下参差的斑驳的黑影，峭楞楞如鬼一般；弯弯的杨柳的稀疏的倩影，却又像是画在荷叶上。塘中的月色并不均匀；但光与影有着和谐的旋律，如梵婀玲上奏着的名曲。

    Far and near, high and low around the pool were trees, most of them willows. These trees had the pool entirely hemmed in, the only small clearings left being those by the path, apparently intended for the moon. All the trees were somber as dense smoke, but among them you could make out the luxuriant willows, while faintly above the tree-tops loomed distant hills - their general outline only. And between the trees appeared one or two street lamps, listless as the eyes of someone drowsy. The liveliest sounds at this hour were the cicadas chirruping on the trees and the frogs croaking in the pool; but this animation was theirs alone, I had no part in it.

    荷塘的四面，远远近近，高高低低都是树，而杨柳最多。这些树将一片荷塘重重围住；只在小路一旁，漏着几段空隙，像是特为月光留下的。树色一例是阴阴的，乍看像一团烟雾；但杨柳的丰姿，便在烟雾里也辨得出。树梢上隐隐约约的是一带远山，只有些大意罢了。树缝里也漏着一两点路灯光，没精打采的，是渴睡人的眼。这时候最热闹的，要数树上的蝉声与水里的蛙声；但热闹是它们的，我什么也没有。

    Then lotus-gathering flashed into my mind. This was an old custom south of the Yangtse, which apparently originated very early and was most popular in the period of the Six Kingdoms,* as we see from the songs of the time. The lotus were picked by girls in small boats, who sang haunting songs as they padded. They turned out in force, we may be sure, and there were spectators too, for that was a cheerful festival and a romantic one. We have a good account of it in a poem by Emperor Yuan of the Liang dynasty called Lotus Gatherers:

    忽然想起采莲的事情来了。采莲是江南的旧俗，似乎很早就有，而六朝时为盛；从诗歌里可以约略知道。采莲的是少年的女子，她们是荡着小船，唱着艳歌去的。采莲人不用说很多，还有看采莲的人。那是一个热闹的季节，也是一个风流的季节。梁元帝《采莲赋》里说得好：

    Deft boys and pretty girls Reach an understanding while boating; Their prows veer slowly, But the winecups pass quickly; Their oars are entangled, As they cut through the duckweed, And girls with slender waists Turn to gaze behind them. Now spring and summer meet, Leaves are tender, flowers fresh; With smiles they protect their silks, Drawing in their skirts, afraid lest the boat upset.

    于是妖童媛女，荡舟心许；鷁首徐回，兼传羽杯；欋将移而藻挂，船欲动而萍开。

    尔其纤腰束素，迁延顾步；夏始春余，叶嫩花初，恐沾裳而浅笑，畏倾船而敛裾。

    There we have a picture of these merry excursions. This must have been a delightful event, and it is a great pity we cannot enjoy it today.

    可见当时嬉游的光景了。这真是有趣的事，可惜我们现在早已无福消受了。

    I also remember some lines from the poem West Islet:

    于是又记起《西洲曲》里的句子：

    When they gather lotus at Nantang in autumn The lotus blooms are higher than their heads; They stoop to pick lotus seeds, Seeds as translucent as water.

    采莲南塘秋，莲花过人头；低头弄莲子，莲子清如水。

    If any girls were here now to pick the lotus, the flowers would reach above their heads too —— ah, rippling shadows alone are not enough! I was feeling quite homesick for the south, when I suddenly looked up to discover I had reached my own door. Pushing it softly open and tiptoeing in, I found all quiet inside, and my wife fast asleep.

    今晚若有采莲人，这儿的莲花也算得“过人头”了；只不见一些流水的影子，是不行的。这令我到底惦着江南了。——这样想着，猛一抬头，不觉已是自己的门前；轻轻地推门进去，什么声息也没有，妻已睡熟好久了。